Draft #1 of Research Paper
Smiles of Terror
Abstract
This
research paper is mostly about psychopaths which are define as cold headed
people with no consciousness or morality. They are often put tag of serial
killers, monsters with no affections towards others. They are good liars that
makes them hard to spot because they can make anyone feel comfortable next to
them. Psychopaths make around 1% of our population and are considered dangerous
because of their uncontrollable behavior. Also, they just care about themselves
and what they seem as a motivation is power and a high prestige. If we compare
a woman psychopath and a male, the ratio is 3:1 with man having the highest
percentage of psychopathy. Sociopaths are often tag as psychopaths which is
very wrong because they both might have a mental disorder but psychopaths are
considered more dangerous because of their thoughtfully plans. A reason for why
they become psychopaths is yet unknown but most psychopaths report being abused
when they were kids yet suffering from child abuse doesn’t make you a psychopath
Smile
of Terror
"Fact:
A psychopath is born every 47 seconds.”
Kent A. Kiehl stated. One might think that a psychopath is that one
person that we see often in movie. The villain who kill for joy, who use others
in the rottenest way, a person with no reasoning. The truth about psychopath is not even close
to that image that we have. Most psychopaths are close to normal people with a
normal life but with a mental disorder. A mental disorder that yet haven't be
found the reason for it. Most of the studies made by professionals have come to
one conclusion. Psychopaths are not easy to identify and most of them have been
abused when they were kids. No all but a portion of them had been victims of
child abuse. Also, some say that is genetics combine with personal factors, is
being said that if a psychopath has a kid his kid is more likely to become a
psychopath because of its genes. But
what is a psychopath? A person suffering from chronic mental disorder with
abnormal or violent social behavior. An unstable and aggressive person.
Specialist define psychopaths as a person with a psychopathic personality,
which manifests as amoral and antisocial behavior, lack
of
ability to love or establish meaningful personal relationships, extreme
egocentricity, failure to learn from experience. A psychopath can also be charming and chill,
it can play to be a person just like the other in order for him to succeed in
his “mission”. They are coolheaded people with very short control of their
behavior, even though they are considered dangerous people and are more likely
to become criminals, statistics show that psychopath are not a big portion when
in come to crime. Psychopathy is a disorder that is very hard to examine and
has been a big issue to doctor because to find how is actually transmitted or
produces very complex. Also, to diagnostic a person with exactitude that
suffers from this disorder is as hard as finding the reason for it because
there is other disorder that are related to it for example, sociopaths. A
sociopath is someone with a personality disorder who is most likely to have
antisocial tendencies that are attribute to social or environmental factors.
Most of the time both psychopaths and sociopaths are seen as the same by the
common eye but certainly there are big difference between them, also for sure
on of them is more dangerous than the other. This leads to the factor of how
when we listened to these terms "psychopath" and "sociopath
"we only imagine men not women, this is because women are less likely to
be identify as psychopaths or sociopaths. But how do we know who is or not a
psychopath? This leads us to questions such as, are psychopath born like that
or modeled by society or environment? Why are women less likely to be detected
with psychopathy? Difference between sociopaths and psychopaths, which one is
most dangerous? There are thousands of testes that had to be taken in order for
someone to be diagnose with this disorder. In fact, psychopaths are considered
people with a mental disorder that can be dangerous and with no empathy toward
people, often are shown as serial killers, the cause of psychopathic behavior
has not yet been determined but it's being said that is because of genes and
their environment they were raised on.
Psychopaths
are like machines with one mission on their head survival. Some characteristics
about psychopaths are good at lying, manipulate people to get what they want to
get, and some rage problems. (Cannot control their emotions) This term was use
first in the 1983 and was define by the “dictionary of social work & social
care” by John Harris and Vicky White. Psychopaths are often hard to define, “Psychopathy
is a construct highly associated with immoral behavior, including manipulating
and taking advantage of others, pathological lying, living a parasitic
lifestyle, and sometimes criminal offending” (Hare, 2003) immoral behavior is
one of the many characteristics psychopaths have which is that they cannot
identify between good and bad. Also, they are good at lying which make it
easier for them to manipulate and take advantage of others. Lying is very
common in everyone's life, children at "the age of 42 months onward,
children become increasingly capable of telling lies" which is the reason
of why psychopaths are so good at it because of their long experience. ( Evans
& Lee, 2013 ) psychopaths are human with almost no feelings towards other
that just care about themselves.
Often
people get confused with two terms that are alike, sociopaths and psychopaths.
As we all know psychopaths have no interest in others and are not good when it
comes to feelings. But what is a sociopath? A sociopath is extremely
anti-social and has little consciousness, but as compare to psychopaths it’s
being quoted (Lykken, 1996)"Unlike the ordinary sociopath, the primary
psychopath has failed to develop conscience and empathic feelings, not because
of a lack of socializing experience but, rather, because of some inherent
psychological peculiarity that makes him especially difficult to
socialize." (pg. 30) Which means that sociopaths are capable of having a
little of empathy towards others which means that they have feelings too. Also,
they don’t decide to be anti-social but is extremely difficult to socialize
because of a psychological peculiarity.
According
to some research done by Kara Mayer Robinson in 2014 there are plenty of
difference According
to some research done by Kara Mayer Robinson in 2014 there are plenty of
difference that can tell which one is most dangerous. One of the pieces of
evidence that she uses is L. Michael Tompkins, EdD. He's a psychologist at the
Sacramento County Mental Health Treatment Center. Which stated (Tomkins, 2014)
A
key difference between a psychopath and a sociopath is whether he has a
conscience, the little voice inside that lets us know when we’re doing something wrong, a
psychopath doesn’t have a conscience. If he lies to you so he can steal your
money, he won’t feel any moral qualms, though he may pretend to. He may observe
others and then act the way they do so he’s not “found out,” [...] some experts
see sociopaths as “hot-headed.” They act without thinking how others will be
affected. Psychopaths are more “cold-hearted” and calculating. They carefully
plot their moves, and use aggression in a planned-out way to get what they
want. If they’re after more money or status in the office, for example, they’ll
make a plan to take out any barriers that stand in the way, even if it’s
another person’s job or reputation (pg.1).
Tompkins
is telling us that psychopaths as compare to sociopath have no conscience and
give us an example that proved how psychopaths have no morality which is
dangerous in anyway. In the research
that Kara studied we can infer by using Tompkins words that psychopaths are
able to think more and plan everything carefully which helps them with the
getaway and destroy anything that stand on their way. As for sociopaths who act without thinking, clearly,
we can conclude that both are dangerous but for obvious reason psychopaths
should be considered as threats to society duo to their thoughtful plans.
After all this tremendous fact about
psychopaths’ people still have misconception about them. For example, they are often seen as serial
killers and the love for blood. Which is most likely wrong, in the book tittle “Without
Conscience The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths Among Us” by Robert D. Hare
he uses these words to describe the misconception we have on psychopaths (Hare,
1999 )“Individuals with this personality disorder are fully aware of the
consequences of their actions and know the difference between right and wrong,
yet they are terrifyingly self-centered, remorseless, and unable to care about
the feelings of others” (abs) Which
simple means that psychopaths do know right from wrong and for sure know what
they are doing. Even though they still do it without feelings because they are
not like all the others, they are remorseless people. For this type of people
must be hard to feel that you are incapable of feeling other emotions or to
think that it was not your fault to be that way. Through this research certain
illustrations were found of how to deal with psychopaths this being one of them
in which we tread psychopaths as
serial killers we can see this through the
word “psychopath” which is in red that can stand for blood, without releasing
that they are also human. Also, the fact that we view them as dangerous without
consciousness but we don’t think that they have a mental disability that the
reason for that disability has not yet be found or a cured. be found or a cured.
 |
| How to deal with a psychopath [Photograph]. (2013, August 31) |
Psychopaths
and their hidden motivation have been very complex to identify. Not only
because they are cold are heart (no feeling) but also, they have no interest in
others. (Gleen, Efferson, Iyer, Graham, 2017) said
Overall,
psychopathy was related to both pleasure-seeking and a desire for relative
social positioning [...]Individuals
scoring higher in psychopathy placed more value on seeking power […]
psychopathy would be positively associated with self-enhancement values,
especially power, which involves obtaining social status and prestige, and
exerting control over others (pg. 110).
According
to these studies we found some motivation that psychopaths had, goals and
seeking too. One was that they only seek for pleasure something that will
excite them, but individual that are consider more psychopaths seek power. What
motivate them is to obtain prestige and have control over others. Will after
all they do have some sort of motivations and goals which make them just like
all of us.
Most of the time people seem to know someone that
has no feelings and greedy which they confused with a sociopath or a
psychopath. Some people belief they are psychopaths themselves because they
read certain symptoms that relate to them, but how do we know if we are or not
psychopaths. One test which helps to identify if someone is a psychopath and
most widely used is the psychological tests of PPD (Psychopathy or psychopathic
personality disorder) is the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised, or PCL-R
(Hare, 1991, 2003). “The PCL-R is a 20-item symptom construct rating scale for
use in forensic settings. Each item reflects a specific feature of PPD. The
lifetime presence and severity of each feature is rated on a 3-point scale (0
absent, 1 partially present, 2 present) [based on] of all available clinical
data.” (Storey & Hart, 2015) (pg.136) Item scores are brought up to yield
or form a total score. If the total scores are 30 and higher, out of maximum
possible 40 points, are generally considered diagnostic of PPD. Which is a very
long procced of careful studies and form a common person to self-identify as a
psychopath is not the smartest way.
When
in come to woman, psychopathy is not very common among them. If we compare the number
of psychopaths diagnosticate between man and woman we can clearly see that
woman are less likely to be diagnose with psychopathy. “Research has consistently shown that there
are more male psychopaths than female.” (Grann, 2000; Hart, Cox, & Hare,
1995; Jackson, R., R, C. S., N, & Lambert, 2002; Salekin, Rogers, &
Sewell, 1997) (pg. 241) But why is this so? (Warren et al 2003) “found female
occurrence rates of psychopathy of approximately 17% in prison
populations—significantly lower than the rates for men in prison.” (pg. 1) Even
prison have shown reports that woman is less likely to be in the field of
psychopathy, which means that only a short percentage of female inmates are
psychopaths. The photograph shown a woman who clearly seems like any other
woman this leaves the point that woman is less likely to be consider as a
psychopath.
 |
| Source: Aleshyn_Andrei/Shutterstock, 2013 |
BPD
(Borderline Personality Disorder) is also a disorder like psychopathy but if we
compare the ration between man and woman in APD (Antisocial Personality Disorder)
and BPD, for APD is 3:1 man having a highest and for BPD is 1:3 woman having
the highest. Which give us a point in which we can state that BPD is more
feminine therefore less woman is diagnose with APD. (Pemment, 2015)
After looking a certain definitions,
comparison and ways to now if someone is a psychopath we finally arrive to the
main question of all. What causes psychopathy, very hard question that yet as
not been answer. Even until today the origin of psychopathy as not been found,
but some experts due argue some points. (Kolla et al, 2013) “[...] found that
prison inmates with APD and psychopathy reported higher levels of physical
abuse than inmates with APD without psychopathy” which can give us a connection
between psychopathy and child abuse. Also, psychopaths seem to be abusive
parents which can impact their kids and later own they can also be psychopaths
as their father. Is being prove by (De Bellis et al, 1999) that when a child is
abuse it develops post-traumatic stress disorder which is found in psychopathy.
Through research it has been proved that Genes and alleles have little to
nothing to do with psychopathy, as for now is the only reason that can cause
psychopathy is child abuse and the way it was raised but even if a child has
been abused id doesn’t mean he will be a psychopath therefore is still
unconcluded of what causes psychopathy.
Psychopath
are humans with no feelings and little to nothing consciousness, they are often
seen as serial killers and people that will do anything that they can to
achieve their goals. But isn’t the same as all the people greedy to get want
the want, people that want power and when they have it the turn to be worse
than criminal. Psychopaths is said that are the only once to be happy because
they don’t have to worry about love hate something that must of us human need.
But when we love someone don’t we become greedy and don’t want to share
her/him. Even people that are not considered psychopaths commit brutal crimes
like mass murder or rape, yet they are considered normal people just like you
and me. Psychopaths are label and treated like monster yet we spec them to be
nice to us. We don’t know what made him a psychopath or what he has been
through to become one but still we judge the actions without being in their
feet.
Work
cited page
Glenn, A., Efferson, L., Iyer, R., &
Graham, J. (2017). Values, Goals, and Motivations
Associated with Psychopathy. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 36(2), 108-125.http://onesearch.cuny.edu/primo-
explore/fulldisplay?docid=TN_proquest1870650475&context=PC&vid=jj&lang=en_US&search_scope=everything
&adaptor=primo_central_multiple_fe&tab=default_tab&query=any,contains,VALUES%20%20GOALS%20%20A
ND%20MOTIVATIONS%20ASSOCIATED%20WITH%20PSYCHOPATHY,AND&sortby=rank&mode=advance d&offset=0
Storey, J., Hart, S., Cooke, D., & Michie,
C. (2015). Psychometric Properties of the Hare
Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) in a
Representative Sample of Canadian Federal Offenders. Law and Human
Behavior,Law and Human Behavior, 2015.
Lykken, D. (1996). Psychopathy, sociopathy, and
crime. Society, 34(1), 29-38.
Evans, A., Lee, K., & Eccles, Jacquelynne.
(2013). Emergence of Lying in Very Young
Children. Developmental Psychology, 49(10),
1958-1963. from http://onesearch.cuny.edu/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=TN_apa_articles10.1037%2Fa0031409&context=PC&vid=jj&lang=en_US&search_scope=everything&adaptor=primo_central_multiple_fe&tab=default_tab&query=any,contains,Emergence%20of%20Lying%20in%20Very%20Young%20Children,AND&sortby=rank&mode=advanced&offset=0
Pemment,
J. (2015). The reappearing psychopath: Psychopathy's stain on future
generations. Aggression and
Without
Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths Among Us. (n.d.). Retrieved
October
19, 2017, from
https://www.guilford.com/books/Without-Conscience/Robert-Hare/9781572304512
Robinson,
K. (2014, August 24). Sociopath vs. Psychopath: What's the Difference?
Retrieved October 19,
Gilbert,
K. (2015, August 10). Your Field Guide to the Female Psychopath. Retrieved
October 19, 2017,
From
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